Rift valley fever fact sheet centers for disease control. Rift valley fever is an acute viral febrile haemorrhagic disease that affects primarily ruminants in africa and in the arabian peninsula. The disease has an episodic occurrence reemerging ever 525 years and is seasonal in its occurrence 1. Viral hemorrhagic fevers chapter 4 2020 yellow book. Viremia without severe disease may be seen in adult cats, dogs, horses and some monkeys, but severe disease can occur in newborn puppies and kittens. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Rift valley fever virus rvfv of the family bunyaviridae, genus. Aug 26, 2014 if you report suspicion of rift valley fever, apha vets will investigate. Contraindications for rift valley fever vaccine 2 listedtrade names of rift valley fever vaccine 0 listed. Rift valley fever by n goldblum editor, workshop on rift. If rift valley is confirmed, the outbreak will be controlled in line with the contingency plan for exotic notifiable diseases. Following small sporadic outbreaks of rift valley fever in 20082009, a widespread epidemic occurred in 2010 and 2011 in south africa. The incubation period for rift valley fever is up to 3 days in sheep, cattle, goats, and dogs.
Clinical signs the clinical signs of rift valley fever vary with species and age. Scientists worry that rift valley fever could reach us cidrap. Therefore it need a free signup process to obtain the book. Novel approaches to develop rift valley fever vaccines. Rift valley fever download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. Rift valley fever rvf is a mosquitoborne zoonotic disease that presents a substantial threat to human and public health. An arthropodborne primarily mosquito, acute, febrile, viral disease of humans and numerous species of animals.
Most people with rvf do not feel sick or have only mild illness. Rift valley fever rvf national center for emerging and zoonotic infectious diseases division of highconsequence pathogens and pathology dhcpp rift valley fever rvf is an acute, fever causing viral disease most commonly observed in domesticated animals such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels, with the ability to infect and cause illness in humans. Valley fever is a fungal infection caused by coccidioides koksideoydeze organisms. It can cause abortions in pregnant animals and a high mortality in young animals. Rift valley fever virus rvfv is a mosquitoborne pathogen of livestock and humans that has historically been responsible for. Rift valley fever results from infection by the rift valley fever virus, an rna virus in the genus phlebovirus in the family bunyaviridae. Humans may become infected by mosquito bites and through direct or indirect contact with the blood or organs of infected animals. Rift valley fever rvf is a disease of humans and domestic animals in several african countries. The disease also results in significant economic losses due to death and abortion among rvfinfected livestock. Rift valley fever rvf is an emerging arthropodborne zoonoses of global agricultural and public health importance. Spread from person to person has not been documented. It is transmitted by mosquitoes of several genera and produces abortions in pregnant animals and deaths in the very young.
They can include fever, loss of appetite, weakness, and death within 36 hours in lambs. Rift valley fever rvf is an acute viral disease that affects domestic animals such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels. Rift valley fever rvf is a viral zoonosis that primarily affects animals but can also infect humans. Association of state and territorial directors of health promotion and public health education. Rift valley fever rvf is a viral zoonosis that primarily affects animals but also has the capacity to infect humans. The wide distribution of competent vectors in nonendemic areas coupled with global climate change poses a significant. Rift valley fever virus article about rift valley fever. Summary rift valley fever rvf is an important zoonotic disease in africa and the arabian peninsula, and the potential spread into. Infection with rvf virus rvfv causes a highly lethal illness. Rift valley fever is a viral disease of cattle and sheep that was first discovered in the rift valley of kenya. Large outbreaks of clinical disease are usually associated with heavy rainfall and localized flooding. Rift valley fever virus is a segmented, enveloped, singlestranded rna virus in the genus phlebovirus, family bunyaviridae.
Novel rvf vaccine research and development is being pursued. Rift valley fever rvf is a longrecognized veterinary disease of livestock in africa. Nov 20, 2015 rift valley fever rvf is an important zoonotic disease in africa and the arabian peninsula, and the potential spread into non. Overview of rift valley fever generalized conditions. Jul 21, 2004 rift valley fever is a cunning stalker. Rift valley fever rvf is considered a disease of special concern around the world. The us southwest is really a very dry environment, he says, and you are likely to see there the same kind of bioclimatic rhythms that you see in east africa. Infected adult mosquitoes feed on animals and people, passing along rvf, according to the centers for disease control and prevention cdc. Rift valley fever response kabale district, uganda, march 2016 mmwr 2016, 6543. Usamriids pocket reference guide to biological select. Rift valley fever rvf is an illness caused by a virus that is spread through. Rvf is an acute mosquitoborne viral disease mainly affecting ruminant animals and humans. Some viral isolates differ in virulence in laboratory rodents and possibly other species. It can lie dormant for years in mosquito eggs in small potholes in africa.
Q fever 1,6 glanders 1,4 melioidosis 1,4 epidemic typhus 1,6 smallpox ebola and marburg rift valley fever crimeancongo hemorrhagic fever lassa fever hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome7 hantavirus pulmonary syndrome7 eee and wee venezuelan equine encephalitis botulism 1,2 ricin intoxication staphylococcal enterotoxin b 1,2. In newborn animals, it can be as short as 12 hours. Large outbreaks of the disease in sheep, cattle and goats occur at irregular intervals of several years when exceptionally heavy rains favour the breeding of the mosquito vectors, and are. Rift valley fever is a zoonosis caused by an insectborne virus which until recently had only been recorded in the subsaharan region of the african continent. People can get rvf through contact with blood, body fluids, or tissues of infected animals, or through bites from infected mosquitoes. Rna is infectious as it serves both as genome and viral mrna. The disease is caused by the rvf virus, generally found in regions of eastern and southern africa, but also in most countries of subsaharan africa, madagascar, saudi arabia and yemen. May 06, 2011 rift valley fever rvf is an emerging zoonotic disease distributed in subsaharan african countries and the arabian peninsula. Rift valley fever rvf is a peracute or acute, mosquitoborne, zoonotic disease of domestic and wild ruminants in africa, madagascar, and the arabian peninsula. East africa suffered a regional outbreak of rift valley fever in late 2006 that affected kenya, somalia, and tanzania.
Issues related to the application of classical vaccines in rvfendemic areas were discussed, as well as safe and effective new combination and novel vaccines. Rift valley fever introduction rift valley fever rvf, first reported in 1931 as an outbreak of enzootic hepatitis in the rift valley of kenya, is a viral disease of domestic ruminants and is capable of causing disease in humans. Development of a novel, singlecycle replicable rift valley fever. Click download or read online button to get rift valley fever book now. The majority of human infections result from contact with the blood or organs of infected animals. Two species of coccidioides fungi cause valley fever. Rift valley fever virus rvfv genus phlebovirus, family bunyaviridae is an arbovirus that causes severe disease in humans and livestock in. Welcome,you are looking at books for reading, the rift valley fever, you will able to read or download in pdf or epub books and notice some of author may have lock the live reading for some of country. Rift valley fever is one of the most significant zoonotic disease problems in africa. In humans, rvf virus infection causes fever, hemorrhage, encephalitis, and retinitis. Rift valley fever rvf is a good example of a disease for which a one health approach can significantly improve the management of outbreaks.
Infection can cause severe disease in both animals and humans. Caused by a virus transmitted by mosquitoes, rvf has devastating impacts. Rift valley fever an overview sciencedirect topics. It can cause fever, chest pain and coughing, among other signs and symptoms. In sheep and cattle, it is also known as infectious enzootic hepatitis.
Flooding turns potholes into puddles and sparks the disease cycle. Author summary rift valley fever virus rvfv is a mosquitoborne. Current status of rift valley fever vaccine development mdpi. Rift valley fever rvf is an acute disease of domestic ruminants in mainland africa and madagascar, caused by a mosquito borne virus and characterized by necrotic hepatitis and a haemorrhagic state. Absence of rift valley fever virus in wild small mammals. It is caused by rift valley fever phlebovirus rvfv, which belongs to the genus phlebovirus and the family phenuiviridae within the order bunyavirales. The virus is transmitted by mosquitoes, and virus replication in domestic ruminant results in high rates. Rift valley fever virus rvfv was first isolated in 1930 from sheep during an epizootic causing abortion and death in the rift valley near lake niavasha, kenya, but is present from south africa to egypt. Includes symptoms, treatment, complications, and prevention measures.
Symptoms of rvf include fever, weakness, back pain, dizziness, and weight loss. The disease is caused by rvf virus rvfv, a member of the genus phlebovirus in the family bunyaviridae. The occurrence of the highly fatal haemorrhagic human disease syndrome, similar to ebola and other haemorrhagic fevers, generates a degree of panic among the human populations at risk. Features a fact sheet about rift valley fever, a fever causing viral disease that affects livestock and humans in africa, presented by the u. Rift valley fever is caused by a ribonucleic acid rna virus in the genus phlebovirus of the family bunyaviridae. Rift valley fever can affect many species, including sheep, cattle, goats, buffalo, camels, monkeys, gray squirrels and other rodents. Usamriids pocket reference guide to biological select agents. Facts about rift valley fever european centre for disease.
Download recognizing rift valley fever pdf books pdfbooks. In december 2006, an rvf outbreak was recognized in kenya which led to the. Rift valley fever rvf is a viral zoonotic disease belonging to the family bunyaviridae in the phlebovirus genus, possessing a segmented negative sense rna genome. Rvf primarily affects livestock, causing stillbirths and high mortality in neonatal cattle, sheep, and goats.
Rift valley fever rvf is an illness caused by a virus that is spread through mosquito bites. Rift valley fever rvf is one of the most serious transboundary animal diseases. There are several genetic lineages of this virus, some of which may cocirculate, in endemic regions. One is a singledose live attenuated virus vaccine and provides good longterm immunity, although it causes spontaneous abortion in a small proportion of cattle. Rift valley fever rvf is an acute, fever causing viral disease most commonly observed in domesticated animals such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels, with the ability to infect and cause illness in humans. Human infections can also result from the bites of infected mosquitoes and hematophagous bloodfeeding flies. Rift valley fever rvf virus rvfv can cause severe human disease characterized by either acuteonset hepatitis, delayedonset encephalitis, retinitis and. Rift valley fever control is typically focused on livestock protection, which is accomplished through vaccination. Global status is one in a series of gideon ebooks which explore all individual infectious diseases, drugs, vaccines, outbreaks, surveys and pathogens in every country of the world. These fungi are commonly found in soil in specific regions. Rift valley fever definition is an acute, usually epizootic, mosquitoborne disease of domestic animals chiefly of eastern and southern africa that is caused by a bunyavirus species rift valley fever virus of the genus phlebovirus, is marked especially by fever, abortion, and death of newborns, and is sometimes transmitted to humans usually in a milder form marked by flulike symptoms. Buy rift valley fever by n goldblum editor, workshop on rift valley fever, m a klingberg editor online at alibris.
This rvf disease response strategy was last updated in august 20. If it available for your country it will shown as book reader and user fully subscribe will benefit by having full. Pathogenesis of rift valley fever in humans human emerging. The virus infects many large domestic animals and a wide variety of mosquito species, with sheep, cattle, buffaloes and rodents as reservoirs. The disease ranges from a mild flulike illness to severe haemorrhagic fever that. Rift valley fever is an acute, arthropod mosquito transmitted zoonotic viral disease that principally affects ruminants, causing extensive mortality among calves and lambs and abortion in ewes and cows, although adults can also be affected. Rift valley fever virus an overview sciencedirect topics. Like rift valley fever, says anyamba, hanta virus is correlated with rainfall. Rift valley fever disease directory travelers health. During outbreak, 1062 people were infected with rift valley fever and 394 people died between december 2006 and december 2007. The disease is spread to livestock through the bite of infected mosquitoes during years of heavy rainfall.
Development of a novel nonhuman primate model for rift valley. The fungis spores can be stirred into the air by anything that. Rvf is a vector borne zoonotic disease, its dynamics. It has a wide variety of hosts but severe disease is seen most commonly in ruminants, especially sheep and goats, where it can present as an abortion storm, death of neonates, and hepatic disease. Rift valley fever definition of rift valley fever by. The last hurdles towards rift valley fever control fao. More than 250 human cases occurred, including 25 deaths, and more 14,000 animal cases, with 8,000 deaths, occurring in animals. The pathogenesis of rift valley fever pubmed central pmc. Rift valley fever rvf is a hemorrhagic fever whose virus phlebotomus genus, bunyaviridae family is spread by mosquitoes and other insect vectors. Rift valley fever disease directory travelers health cdc. Rift valley fever rvf is a viral disease most commonly seen in domesticated animals in subsaharan africa, such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels.
Rift valley fever rvf is a viral disease that can cause mild to severe symptoms. It is also spread by direct contact with blood, fluids, or tissues of infected animals such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels. Download rift valley fever global status pdf books pdfbooks. The disease is caused by the rift valley fever virus rvfv of the family bunyaviridae and the genus phlebovirus.